ABSTRACT Objective: To know the adherence to influenza vaccination in elderly people who attended specific workshops. Design: Quasi-experimental study. Location: Primary Care Teams. Participants: 76 people who participated in workshops on influenza, and 116 who did not participate in these workshops used as controls. Main measurements: We compared vaccination percentages between 2009 and 2013, according to data from computerized medical records. A survival analysis was carried out to know how long the patients maintained their vaccination adherence, considering as "non adherence" the first time they were not vaccinated. Results: The proportion of vaccinated patients was higher in those who had participated in the workshops: 68.6 % (95% CI: 54.9-82.3) vs 61.2 % (95% CI: 51.9-70.5), than in those who had not participated, but the differences were not statistically significant (NS). The vaccination was discontinued in 45.1 % (95% CI: 30.5-59.7) and in 42.2 % (95% CI: 32.8-51.7), respectively, with a mean adherence of 2 years in both groups (NS). We found significant differences between both groups in relation to those unvaccinated the year prior to their inclusion in the study who did vaccinate the year after: 14.9 % vs. 5 %, respectively in those who had participated in the workshops and in those who had not participated (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Even though older people's participation in specific workshops on influenza can stimulate influenza vaccination initially, there is no significant long-term improvement.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer el seguimiento de la vacunación antigripal por ancianos que habían participado en talleres específicos. Diseño: Estudio cuasiexperimental. Emplazamiento: Atención Primaria. Participantes: Se incluyeron 76 personas participantes en talleres sobre gripe y, como controles, 116 que no lo habían hecho. Mediciones Principales: Se comparó el porcentaje de vacunación entre los años 2009 y 2013, según el registro en la historia clínica informatizada. Por análisis de supervivencia se determinó el tiempo de adherencia, considerando “falta de cumplimiento” la primera vez sin vacunar. Resultados: La proporción de vacunados era más alta en los participantes en los talleres: 68,6 % (IC 95 %: 54,9-82,3) vs 61,2 % (IC 95 %: 51,9-70,5) en los que no habían participado, pero sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas (NS). La vacunación se interrumpió en el 45,1 % (IC 95 %: 30,5-59,7) y 42,2 % (IC 95 %: 32,8-51,7), respectivamente, con un cumplimiento medio de 2 años en ambos grupos (NS). Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos para quienes no habiéndose vacunado el año anterior a su inclusión en el estudio, sí lo hacían al año siguiente: 14,9 % vs 5 %, respectivamente para participantes y no participantes en talleres (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: Aunque la asistencia de personas mayores a talleres específicos sobre gripe puede estimular la vacunación inicialmente, no existe una mejora significativa a largo plazo.

Background and Objectives: The object of our study was to estimate the prevalence of psychotropic drug use among non-institutionalised elderly people 65 years or older and identify possible conditioning factors. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was carried out of 1161 subjects aged 65 years and older. Participants were randomly selected from health care registry listings. The main outcomes of interest were based on self-reporting and included consumption of psychotropic and other drugs (filed by the ATC Classification System), mood (based on the GDS-VE), cognitive status (Pfeiffer Questionnaire), physical-functional assessment based on Katz score, health problems (ICPC-2 classification WONCA) and socio-demographic variables. Results: The prevalence of self-reported psychotropic drug consumption was 20.5% (95% CI: 18.2 to 22.8). Anxiolytics and hypnotics were consumed by 16.6% of the elderly, antidepressants by 7.0% and antipsychotics by only 2.1%. In multivariate logistical analyses, the use of psychotropics was independently associated with other drug consumption (non-psychotropics), (OR: 4.0, 95% CI: 1.7 to 9.5), presence of established depression (OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.3 to 7.6), presence of 4 or more comorbidities (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.9 to 3.8), being female (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.5 to 3.0) and being dependent for basic activities of daily living (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.0 to 2.6). Conclusions: The prevalence of psychotropic drug use among the elderly from Albacete is high. Several factors were identified as potential determinants of psychotropic drug use. It will be important to evaluate the misuse of these drugs in order to inform effective, efficient and safe prescription strategies.

RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Um clima frio para a atenção primária na academia médica constitui uma barreira para escolher Medicina de Família (MF) como opção de carreira. Este estudo foi concebido para determinar se o conhecimento e as atitudes dos estudantes de medicina em relação à MF predizem a escolha da carreira. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo de coorte realizado em duas faculdades de medicina. MÉTODOS: Depois de terem completado um curso de Cuidados Primários na Faculdade de Medicina de Albacete, em 2005-2006, 81 alunos do segundo ano foram convidados a responder a um questionário. No seu sexto ano (2009-2010), 79 estudantes de Albacete assim como 42 de Sevilha, tomados como coorte não exposta, foram convidados a responder também. Todos eles foram investigados sobre a escolha da especialidade em 2011. RESULTADOS: Em Albacete, 79 e 76 estudantes responderam no segundo e sexto anos, respectivamente, e 26 em Sevilha. Depois de terem concluído o curso de cuidados primários, 69,3% disseram que gostariam de se tornar médicos de família. Esta percentagem diminuiu para 40,3% no final da graduação (P < 0,0001). No sexto ano, as atitudes com relação à MF pioraram, mas estas foram significativamente mais favoráveis do que as de Sevilla. Apenas 12 alunos escolheram a MF; eles obtiveram pontuação significativamente piores no exame do que seus pares (P < 0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: Na Faculdade de Medicina de Albacete, a opinião dos alunos sobre a MF ao longo da graduação piorou; contudo ainda era melhor que as dos estudantes de Sevilha. Em qualquer caso, MF foi opção minoritária.

ABSTRACT: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: A cold climate towards primary care (PC) within medical academia could form a barrier against choosing family medicine (FM) as a career option. This study was designed to determine whether medical students' knowledge of and attitudes towards FM predicted their career choice. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cohort study conducted at two different medical schools. METHODS: After completing a PC course at the Albacete Medical School in 2005-2006, 81 second-year students were asked to give responses to a questionnaire. In their sixth year (2009-2010), 79 students in Albacete and 42 in Seville (taken as an unexposed cohort) were asked to give responses too. Their choice of specialty was investigated in 2011. RESULTS: In Albacete, the questionnaire was answered by 79 second-year and 76 sixth-year students; in Seville, it was answered by 26 sixth-year students. After completing the PC course, 69.3% said they would like to become a family doctor. This percentage decreased to 40.3% at the end of the undergraduate course (P < 0.0001). In the sixth year, the attitudes towards FM worsened, yet these were significantly more favorable than those in Seville. Only 12 students chose FM; they obtained significantly worse scores in their specialty selection examination than their peers (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: In the Albacete Medical School, the students' opinion about FM worsened over the undergraduate course, although it was still better than the Seville students' stance. In any case, FM was seen to be a minority option.

Introduction. Internet has completely changed communication among people in today's world, especially among young users. The objective of this study is to establish the frequency of Internet use by teenagers, and most used apps. Population and methods. This was a crosssectional study. In November 2013, students attending two mandatory secondary schools in Albacete were invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire with close-ended and open questions. Questionnaires were completed in the classroom, either "online" or "with pen and paper". Answers were entered in a computer database using the SPSS 17.0 software. Statistical analysis included a comparison of proportions (χ2 test) and mean/median values (Student's t test/non-parametric tests). Results. Nine hundred and sixty-seven students participated; their mean age was 13.8 years old (range: 11-20); 53.5% were girls. Most students (70.9%) lived in the city. Most belonged to a middle (51.3%) and high (34.8%) socioeconomic status. Also most students went online on a daily basis (73.4%); only 0.9% indicated that they never did. The most frequently used apps included WhatsApp (77.1%), social networks (70.1%) and music apps (66.6%). Among girls, the most common Internet use was social networks (p= 0.004), WhatsApp (p < 0.0001), Instagram (p < 0.0001) and listening to music (p= 0.004). Boys most commonly used the Internet to browse the web (p < 0.0001), Skype (p=0.001), play (p < 0.0001) andwatchmovies or TV shows (p= 0.035). Conclusions. Internet takes up a large part of the time in adolescents' lives, especially as a means of communications, being WhatsApp and social networks the most commonly used apps.

Introducción: Internet ha transformado la comunicación entre las personas en el mundo actual, especialmente en el caso de los más jóvenes. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la frecuencia de uso de Internet por adolescentes, así como las aplicaciones utilizadas. Población y métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal. En noviembre de 2013, los estudiantes de la escuela secundaria obligatoria de dos institutos de Albacete fueron invitados a responder un cuestionario autoadministrable, con preguntas de respuesta abierta y cerrada. Contestaron en las aulas, "on line" o con "lápiz y papel". Las respuestas fueron introducidas en una base de datos informatizada, con el programa SPSS 17.0. El análisis estadístico ha incluido comparación de proporciones (chi cuadrado) y de medias/medianas (t de Student/pruebas no paramétricas). Resultados: Participaron 967 estudiantes, con media de edad de 13,8 años (rango: 11-20); 53,5% de mujeres. La mayoría (70,9%) vivían en la ciudad. La clase social era mayoritariamente media (51,3%) y alta (34,8%). La mayoría se conectaba a Internet a diario (73,4%); solo 0,9% decía no conectarse nunca. Las aplicaciones más utilizadas eran WhatsApp (77,1%), redes sociales (70,1%) y relacionadas con música (66,6%). Se ha encontrado una mayor frecuencia de utilización por las mujeres de redes sociales (p= 0,004), WhatsApp (p <0,0001), Instagram (p <0,0001) y escuchar música (p= 0,004). Los varones navegaban más (p <0,0001), utilizaban Skype (p= 0,001), jugaban (p <0,0001) y veían películas o series (p= 0,035). Conclusiones: Internet ocupa una gran parte del tiempo de los adolescentes, especialmente como medio de comunicación, y WhatsApp y las redes sociales son las aplicaciones que utilizan con más frecuencia.

Objective: To evaluate changes in knowledge of elderly people who take part in workshops on health issues. Study Design: Before and after study. Participants: People involved in working groups in two centres for the elderly. Procedure: Educational interventions about influenza, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular risk were programmed. Subject to prior informed consent, the participants answered a questionnaire about previous knowledge, sociodemographic data, and overall health. Then, one of the members of the research group explained a subject. To conclude, a post-test questionnaire was completed. Main measurements: Variables related to sociodemographic features, knowledge of the topics discussed, and overall health. Results: 24 people took part in the workshop on influenza. Before the workshop, 45,8% knew the symptoms, 25% said they knew about its prevention. After the workshop, 58,3% (NS) and 70,8% (p=0,001), respectively. Conclusions: People participating in the workshops improved their knowledge of the topics discussed.

Objetivo: Evaluar cambios en conocimientos de personas mayores que participan en talleres sobre temas de salud. Diseño del estudio: Estudio "antes-después". Emplazamiento: Comunitario. Participantes: Personas integradas en grupos de trabajo en dos centros de mayores. Intervención: Se programaron intervenciones educativas sobre gripe, osteoporosis y riesgo cardiovascular (RCV). Previo consentimiento informado, los participantes contestaron un cuestionario de conocimientos, datos sociodemográficos y estado general de salud. A continuación se exponía el tema por uno de los miembros del grupo investigador. Se terminaba con un cuestionario postest. Mediciones principales: Variables sociodemográficas, de conocimientos sobre los temas tratados y estado general de salud. Resultados: En el taller sobre gripe participaron 24 personas. Antes del taller 45,8 % conocían los síntomas, 25 % decía que conocía la prevención; después el 58,3 % (NS) y el 70,8 % (p=0,001), respectivamente. En el de osteoporosis participaron 37. Antes del taller, 59,5 % decía conocer algo sobre osteoporosis, y 89,2 % sabían que afecta a los huesos. Conocían la importancia de consumir lácteos 75,7 %. Tras el taller se planteaban cambios: alimentación (13,5 %), ejercicio (18,9 %), visitas a su médico (27 %), varios aspectos (13,5 %). En el de RCV participaron 19. Antes del taller, 57,9 % había oído sobre factores de RCV, aunque 84,2 % no sabía nombrarlos. Tras el taller se redujo en un 50 % las personas que no sabían dar el nombre de algún factor de RCV (p=0,021). Conclusiones: Los conocimientos de las personas participantes en los talleres mejoraban después de los mismos, para los diferentes temas tratados.

Unidades de Saude Familiar (USF) represent a model of primary care unknown to many people. Born within the reform of the Portuguese national health system, they arise from the need to provide a quality health care to citizens, improving the satisfaction of both users and professionals who work in it. This article will try to explain the working of these USF thanks to the opportunity to share medical consultation that the authors had at the USF-Oeiras Sao Juliao.

Las Unidades de Saudé Familiar (USF) suponen un modelo de Atención Primaria desconocido para muchos. Nacidas dentro de la reforma del sistema nacional sanitario portugués, surgen ante la necesidad de proporcionar unos cuidados de salud de calidad a los ciudadanos, mejorando la satisfacción tanto de los propios usuarios como de los profesionales que trabajan en ella. En este artículo trataremos de explicar el funcionamiento de estas USF gracias a la oportunidad que tuvimos los autores del mismo de compartir consulta en la USF de Sao Juliao-Oeiras.

Objective: To establish priority given to the choice for family medicine (FM) posts in Castilla-La Mancha among MIR 2011 and 2013 candidates who chose this community and factors associated with this choice. Method: Cross-sectional study. Scope: Academic. Participants: 279 candidates in 2011 and 206 in 2013. Main analysed data and results: the following was obtained from the ministry of health website; number of candidates, sex and chosen city and specialization. Additional information on Castilla-La Mancha University graduates was available. Statistical analysis: likelihood of FM post choice related to candidate order and overall number and was based on other variables (Kaplan-Meier). Results: In 2011, FM was chosen by 34.4%. The median of the number who chose FM was 7,701 (interquartile range [IQR]: 4.962-10.430), significantly higher than other specializations (p<0,0001). There were no differences in sex for the choice of FM compared to other specializations. Those of the Castilla-La Mancha University opted for FM in lower numbers than the rest (medians: 4.463 and 8.980), although in a lower proportion (13.2 and 37.8% respectively) (p<0,00001). The corresponding results in 2013 were: 34% opt for FM; median: 7.362 (RI: 4.765-8.541) (p<0,0001); no differences by sex; those of the Castilla-La Mancha University chose FM in lower number (6.704 and 7.622) and proportion (19.05 y 35.68%, respectively) (p=0,004). Conclusion: The choice of FM posts in Castilla-La Mancha is made in high numbers from the MIR entrance examinations. The graduates in Albacete choose it in higher numbers than other candidates, although they show little interest in it.

Objetivo: Conocer la prioridad concedida a la elección de Medicina de Familia (MF) en Castilla-La Mancha (CLM) entre los opositores MIR 2011 y 2013 que escogieron plaza en esta comunidad, y los factores asociados con esta elección. Método: Estudio transversal. Ámbito: Académico. Participantes: 279 opositores en 2011 y 206 en 2013. Mediciones y resultados principales: De la web del Ministerio de Sanidad se obtuvo el número en la oposición, el sexo y la especialidad y ciudad elegidas. Se disponía de información adicional de graduados en la Universidad de CLM. Análisis estadístico: probabilidad de elección de MF relacionada con número de orden en oposición, global y en función de otras variables (Kaplan-Meier). Resultados: En 2011, MF fue elegida por un 34,4 %. La mediana del número para elegir MF fue 7.701 (rango intercuartiles [RI]:4.962-10.430), significativamente mayor a otras especialidades (p<0,0001). No existían diferencias por sexo para la elección de MF frente al resto de especialidades. Los de la Universidad de CLM elegían MF con menor número que los demás (medianas: 4.463 y 8.980), aunque en menor proporción (13,2 y 37,8 %, respectivamente) (p<0,00001). Los resultados correspondientes en 2013 eran: 34 % eligen MF; mediana: 7.362 (RI: 4.765-8.541) (p<0,0001); sin deferencias por sexo; los de la Universidad de CLM elegían MF con menor número (6.704 y 7.622) y menor proporción (19,05 y 35,68 %, respectivamente) (p=0,004). Conclusión: La elección de plazas de MF en CLM se realiza con números altos de la oposición MIR. Los graduados en Albacete la eligen con mejor número que el resto de opositores, aunque muestran poco interés por ella.

Objective: To ascertain the evaluation of nurses and nursing students on organisational changes for the establishment of a triage system for primary care emergencies. Design: Focus group qualitative study. Location: Primary Care. Participants: Primary health care nurses and third year nursing students. Method: Two groups were formed, one of seven nurses from city, rural and SUAP healthcare centres and a second group made up of five third year nursing students. A video recording was made of the meetings and later a process of analysis and synthesis of the information was carried out. Results: There was agreement between both groups on the feasibility of this task and, in general, they considered themselves sufficiently qualified to perform it. Likewise, importance was given to the fact that responsibility for deciding who should attend to a patient needing immediate care, and when, should not fall on the administrative area. In the nursing group, special emphasis was placed on the fact that this project would not be viable with current workloads and, for this reason, they put forward the need to increase the workforce or to bring in organisational changes. The students showed interest in taking on this kind of task, although they would wish for greater specific training in their academic curriculum. They considered definition of tasks and regulation of activities to be fundamental. Conclusions: Qualified nurses at work in primary care and nursing students nearing the end of their training agree on the feasibility of implementing a triage system for patients requiring immediate attention at a healthcare centre.

Objetivo: Conocer la valoración, por parte de enfermeras y estudiantes de enfermería, sobre cambios organizativos para la instauración de un sistema de "triage" de urgencias en atención primaria. Diseño del estudio: Estudio cualitativo, tipo grupo focal. Emplazamiento: Atención primaria. Participantes: Enfermeras de atención primaria y estudiantes de tercer curso de enfermería. Método: Se constituyeron dos grupos, uno formado por siete enfermeras, pertenecientes a centros de salud urbano, rurales y SUAP; y un segundo grupo formado por cinco estudiantes de tercer curso de enfermería. Se realizó una videograbación de las reuniones y posteriormente se llevó a cabo un proceso de análisis y síntesis de la información. Resultados: Se constató un acuerdo en ambos grupos sobre la factibilidad de esta tarea y, en general, se consideraban con suficiente cualificación para su desempeño. Se subrayó asimismo la importancia de que no recaiga sobre el área administrativa la responsabilidad de decidir quién y cuándo debe atender a un paciente que requiere atención inmediata. En el grupo de enfermeras se hizo especial hincapié en que este proyecto no sería viable con las cargas de trabajo actuales, por lo que planteaban la necesidad de aumentar las plantillas o introducir cambios organizativos. Los estudiantes se mostraban interesados por asumir este tipo de tareas, aunque desearían una mayor formación específica en su currículo académico. Consideraban fundamental delimitar tareas y protocolizar actividades. Conclusiones: Enfermeras cualificadas en el trabajo en atención primaria y estudiantes de enfermería en la fase final de su formación coinciden en la factibilidad de implantar un sistema de "triage" para pacientes que requieren atención inmediata en un centro de salud.